I've had a few questions about Merit Badges (MB) and how they work. I'm including this link... it explains them pretty well.
http://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php?title=An_Introduction_to_Merit_Badges
Some MB's we start as a Troop. The Scout is then responsible for doing the homework and completing the MB on their own. Recently the Troop has completed Family Life and Physical Fitness. Scouts can work on MB's at anytime (following the guidelines on the link above).
New Scouts should be concentrating on completing the requirements for achieving the 1st Class rank. Achieving 1st Class in the first year since joining the Troop is a goal that should be set. It is very attainable if the Scout is attending Troop meetings and outings.
YIS,
Mr. C